Polish names are one of the most unique names you can find in Europe. Their names are rooted in a mixed culture of old Slavic names and modern Polish. There are many interesting things you need to know about Polish names such as their origin, name structure, and Polish name convention. In this article, we compiled all the useful information about how great Polish names were created. You will get to know the correct Polish naming convention, some popular Polish last names, and gender differences in Polish names.
One interesting facts you should know about the Poles are their origin. The Poles or the Polish People are the direct descendants of the early Slavic people who migrated to the western lands of Europe. Ancient Romans referred to them as the Veneti, who inhabited most of the eastern central lands of Europe. Early records of the early Slavic people appearing in huge numbers were rooted in the Great Migration of the Germanic people to the western lands of Europe. Slavic people coming from the Northeastern parts of Asia and middle-east Asia started to occupy the abandoned settlements of the Germanic people in the Eastern parts of Europe. By around the 6th century AD, Slavs already became well-populated and established in the central-east regions of Europe.
But what was the relationship of the Poles with the Slavs? During the Great Migration, most of the Polish lands were occupied by different tribes of Celts, Slavs, Scythians, Balts, and Sarmantians. After the migration, it was the Slavic tribes who remained in the area and populated most of the flat regions of modern-day Poland. Soon, they identified themselves as the “people living in open fields”, or simply “Polans”, naming their region as “Poland”.
It is by the late 10th century when Duke Mieszko I founded the first Polish state and was recognized by the Holy Roman Church after he accepted and converted his land into a Christian state. By 1025 AD, the independent medieval Kingdom of Poland was born.
The old Polish naming convention will most likely follow the Slavic naming convention. Old Slavic names are often dithematic names, or simply a combination of two words or themes to create a single name. For example, the Slavic name Bogdan is a dithematic name from the words “Bog” (god) and “dan” (given)—or “god-given”.
Poland became an open and free-thinking country in the early Renaissance period, attracting more free thinkers, artisans, merchants, and scholars coming from different ethnicity. These migrant people include some Prussians, Austrians, and most importantly, Jews. Poland embraced openly the diversity in culture, leading to the decline of the use of old Slavic names.
Polish names now follow the modern European name structure, with the personal name coming first, followed by the family name. Interestingly, there are some awesome things that you should know about Polish names.
Below is a list of some of the most popular Polish first names including their meanings.
Polish First Name | Gender | Meaning |
Zofia | Female | Derived from the Greek name Sophia which means “wisdom”. |
Oliwia | Female | Pronounced as “Olivia” in the common tongue. |
Jakub | Male | Derived from the Hebrew name “Jacob”. |
Stanislaw | Male | Pronounced as “Stanislav”. This Polish name has its Slavic roots which means “achiever of glory”. There are other versions of this name such as Stanislaus (Latin) and Stanislas (French). |
Franciszek | Male | A cognate form of the name Francis or Francisco. |
Polish names are very specific with genders too! Polish girl names always end with the –a vowel while male names may end in consonants or any vowels except for –a. Although there are old Slavic names that are being used that end with –a but are rarely used nowadays. (Kuba, Boryna, Barnaba, etc).
Polish wives and children take the Polish last name of their husband and father respectively. Female Polish change the ending letter of their last names with the letter –a. For example, the family name Zubkowski will be changed to Zubkowska when used by the wife.
Polish last names also have a certain rule when being addressed based on gender. When they are referring to a group of people with the same surname but with a man included in the group, they change the suffix of the base surname into a masculine plural suffix. For example, Zubkowski will become Zubkowsky.
In contrast with #1, if referring to a group of people with the same surname but no man is included, they change the suffix of the base surname into a feminine plural suffix. For example, Zubkowska will become Zibkowskie.
Polish Last Name | Feminine Version | Meaning |
Kowalski | Kowalska | Translates as “a smith” or “a blacksmith”. |
Nowak | Nowakowa | Pronounced as “Novak” [Novakova]. Nowak is the most popular Polish surname used by most Poles. |
Szymanski | Szymanska | This Polish last name is dithematic for the words “Szymon” (Polish version of Simon) and “-ski” (“son of”), or simply “Son of Szymon (Simon)”. |
Zielinski | Zielinska | This Polish surname is a toponym from the words “zielen” (green or youthful) or “zioło” (plant or herb). |
Brzezinski | Brzezinska | This surname is a diminutive of the word “Brzoza” or “Brzez”, which means “birch”. With the addition of the suffix “-ski” (“son of”), the last name can be translated as “Son of Brzez”. |
Below is a list of our top 5 most popular Polish male names that you can search around the net. As mentioned before, Polish names for boys, for example, may end with any consonants and vowels except for the letter –a, but with very few exceptions with old Slavic male names. Check them out below.
The name Antoni is the Polish male name equivalent to Anthony. It has diminutive names in Polish such as Antek, Antos, and Antonia for the female Polish name version.
Janusz is the Polish male given name which was derived from the shortened form of January and Januarius. A few variants of this name are Janek or Janina for females.
The Polish name Jan stemmed from the name John, which has the same translation and meaning as “God is gracious”. A few related names for Jan are Jaan, Jann, and Jana for females.
This name is derived from the English or French base name Nicholas, meaning “victory of the people”. This name is common in Polish and Russian countries
The name “Krzysztof” is derived from the Greek name Christopher which means “bearing Christ”. This name ranked 18th as the most popularly used baby name in Poland in early 2000.
There are a lot of borrowed Christian names that were incorporated into the Polish language. In this section, we compiled some of the most popular Female names that are translated into Polish version. Check them out below.
Zuzanna is a very common Polish girl name. It is derived from the Hebrew name Shoshana, or Susana when translated into the common English language. The name simply means “lily”.
Pronounced as “ka-tar-zhi-na”, this name is the Polish version of the name Katherine, which means “Pure” when translated into English.
This female Polish name is derived from the Greek name Agnes, meaning “pure” or “holy”. A few diminutive of this name are Aga and Agusia.
The name Pola is a feminine and shortened term of the name Apolonia, which in turn is derived from the Greek god Apollo. Despite Apolonia being the base Polish name, the diminutive Pola is widely used especially for young Polish girls.
Lucja is the Polish female name version of the name Lucius. It is derived from the Latin term for light (lux). Few diminutive of this name are often seen in other languages instead of Polish such as Lucille (French) and Lucia (Spanish).
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